{"query": "The linguistic clock — the comparative method dates the disp", "count": 20, "results": [{"id": "card_n_770170ab1111", "title": "The linguistic clock — the comparative method dates the dispersal", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The same history is written in the words. The comparative method reconstructs ancestral\ntongues from their daughters (sealed in the language-evolution wing), and glottochronology's\nexponential vocabul"}, {"id": "card_n_8a1d7924121c", "title": "The genetic clock — mitochondrial Eve and the molecular record", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Mitochondrial DNA passes only mother to child and never recombines, so it is a clean\nmaternal lineage; the Y chromosome does the same for fathers. Mutations accumulate at a roughly\nsteady rate, so cou"}, {"id": "card_c_1c3706fdd2e8", "title": "The linguistic clock is read from vocabulary", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Glottochronology and the comparative method, dating the branches."}, {"id": "card_n_b10117556d41", "title": "The two clocks — quartz, cesium, and the second", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The wrist clock and the world clock. Quartz beats 32,768 times a second; the SI second is\nDEFINED as 9,192,631,770 oscillations of cesium-133's hyperfine transition (since 1967) —\nsealed: the cesium c"}, {"id": "card_n_d8471389950e", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two clocks reading one history", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "A people can be traced across DISTANCE and TIME by two records that survive in the body and\nin the mouth: the genome and the language. They are the same method — a molecular clock ticking,\na tree bran"}, {"id": "card_c_ddc15bc5379f", "title": "Peoples are traced by language descent", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The comparative method dates the dispersal of tongues."}, {"id": "card_n_13147996cd2f", "title": "Proto-Indo-European — the reconstructed mother tongue", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Roughly half of humanity speaks a descendant — English, Spanish, Hindi, Russian, Persian,\nand hundreds more. Yet PIE was never written: it is RECONSTRUCTED, every form marked with a *\nto say 'inferred"}, {"id": "card_n_dcb1a67c26e8", "title": "The evolution of language — descent traced by regular law", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Languages descend like living lineages, and the descent is RECOVERABLE — the comparative\nmethod is one of the humanities' deterministic sciences. English 'father' descends from\nProto-Indo-European *ph"}, {"id": "card_n_cfb57dd6b005", "title": "Radioactive decay — the exponential clock of matter", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Sealed in-domain: after one half-life exactly half remains; after two, exactly one\nquarter (2^(−2) = 1/4, exact); carbon-14's decay constant is ln2/5730 years = 3.833×10⁻¹²\nper second: https://narrowh"}, {"id": "card_n_36048aaa9a1b", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Swadesh (1950s): a language's CORE vocabulary — the 100-200 most basic words (mother,\nwater, two, hand) — is replaced at a roughly constant rate, so its loss is EXPONENTIAL:\nretention r^t with r about"}, {"id": "card_c_87f96bbc7555", "title": "The linguistic clock instantiates the tracing of peoples", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The record in the mouth."}, {"id": "card_c_757484a26c5c", "title": "The very roots that trace the peoples", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Cognate roots (father/pater/pitr) are the fossils the comparative method follows."}, {"id": "card_c_3b3121f3e55d", "title": "The genetic clock is read from the genome", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "mtDNA and Y lineages, dated by the molecular clock."}, {"id": "card_c_bf94a7fc13cb", "title": "The parts that descend and drift", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Roots and affixes are what the comparative method traces across languages and time."}, {"id": "card_n_48096a61cb84", "title": "Pilgrim's Progress §8: I find not that I am denied the use Of this my method, so I no abuse Put on the words, ...", "shelf": "classics", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "1. I find not that I am denied the use Of this my method, so I no abuse Put on the words, things, readers; or be rude In handling figure or similitude, In application; but, all that I may, Seek the ad"}, {"id": "card_c_268b55a98977", "title": "The carbon clock resonates with the capacitor's RC clock", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "One exponential, two substrates — matter's decay and the bench's discharge. RESONANCE: a map-aid, never a proof of unity."}, {"id": "card_n_0a41c0e3298d", "title": "Pheromones — the molecule is the message", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "A pheromone is chemistry acting as language: a molecule IS a signal. Sealed: a\n20-component blend encodes 2^20 = 1,048,576 distinguishable messages (~4.3 bits per component),\nand an ant's trail evapor"}, {"id": "card_n_e8186ce33d19", "title": "GPS (UHF) — a constellation of clocks at 19 centimeters", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "L1 = 154 × 10.23 MHz = 1575.42 MHz EXACTLY — the whole system is integer multiples of\none 10.23 MHz atomic clock; sealed, with the 19 cm wavelength: https://narrowhighway.com/s/d6211f4efb2518c6de145de"}, {"id": "card_n_dc36c634ae34", "title": "La Rochefoucauld §laroch_329: We believe, sometimes, that we hate flattery --we only dislike the method.", "shelf": "classics", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "We believe, sometimes, that we hate flattery --we only dislike the method. [\"{But} when I tell him he hates flatter{ers}, He says he does, being then most flattered.\" Shakespeare, Julius Caesar {,Act "}, {"id": "card_n_d50827849044", "title": "La Rochefoucauld §laroch_214: Valour in common soldiers is a perilous method of earning their living.", "shelf": "classics", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Valour in common soldiers is a perilous method of earning their living. [\"Men venture necks to gain a fortune, The soldier does it ev{'}ry day, (Eight to the week) for sixpence pay.\" {--Samuel Butler,"}]}