{"query": "The genome as information — and the algebra of a population", "count": 20, "results": [{"id": "card_n_49d1ebe5ba6a", "title": "The genome as information — and the algebra of a population", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Two bits per base, sealed: log(4)/log(2) = 2 — so the ~3.2 billion base pairs of the human\ngenome hold ~6.4 billion bits, about 800 MB, a large app's worth of code in every cell (https://narrowhighway", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_n_d8471389950e", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two clocks reading one history", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "A people can be traced across DISTANCE and TIME by two records that survive in the body and\nin the mouth: the genome and the language. They are the same method — a molecular clock ticking,\na tree bran", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_n_8a1d7924121c", "title": "The genetic clock — mitochondrial Eve and the molecular record", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Mitochondrial DNA passes only mother to child and never recombines, so it is a clean\nmaternal lineage; the Y chromosome does the same for fathers. Mutations accumulate at a roughly\nsteady rate, so cou", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_ap_courses_17_2_mapping_genomes_8f111a0e", "title": "17.2 Mapping Genomes — Biology for AP® Courses", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "17.2\n\nMapping Genomes\n\nLearning Objectives\n\nIn this section, you will explore the following questions:\n\nWhat is genomics?\n\nWhat is a genetic map?\n\nWhat is an example of a genomic mapping method?\n\nConn", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology for AP® Courses (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_concepts_biology_10_3_genomics_and_proteomics_4c4d678e", "title": "10.3 Genomics and Proteomics — Concepts of Biology", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "10.3\n\nGenomics and Proteomics\n\nLearning ObjectivesBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\n\nDefine genomics and proteomics\n\nDefine whole genome sequencing\n\nExplain different applications of ge", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Concepts of Biology (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_2e_introduction_615aef95", "title": "Introduction — Biology 2e", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Figure\n17.1\n\nGenomics compares the DNA of different organisms, enabling scientists to create maps with which to navigate different organisms' DNA. (credit \"map\": modification of photo by NASA)\n\nChapte", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology 2e (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_introduction_644feff4", "title": "Introduction — Biology", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Figure\n17.1\n\nIn genomics, the DNA of different organisms is compared, enabling scientists to create maps with which to navigate the DNA of different organisms. (credit \"map\": modification of photo by ", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_afecb53bd0ed", "title": "The genome as information — and the algebra  ↔ Base pairing and the central dogma", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "the ~3.2 billion base pairs of the human genome hold ~6.4 billion bits  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_pron_genome", "title": "genome", "shelf": "pronunciation", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "genome: pronounced (ARPABET) JH IY1 N OW2 M. From the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary — the standard machine-readable pronunciations of North American English.", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "CMU Pronouncing Dictionary (cmudict) — BSD-2-Clause, Carnegie Mellon", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_f07369fce49d", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two c ↔ The genome as information — and the algebra ", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "populations, like genes and languages, admit (2n-3)!! possible trees (10,395 for seven groups); two lineages coalesce to one ancestor in ~2N generations  — a concord the card itself states; mined + ve", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_0a580cdaa96f", "title": "The genome as information — and the algebra  ↔ The genetic code — a language written in a m", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "what the information MEANS (which sequence folds to which working protein) is empirical biology  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_dc168900c6ac", "title": "The genetic code — a language written in a m ↔ The genome as information — and the algebra ", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Life is written in a language, and the language runs on math — where the two trees touch.  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_9a732b4ecc5d", "title": "Pheromones — the molecule is the message ↔ The genome as information — and the algebra ", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Radio waves (EM), DNA (genetic), morphemes (linguistic), neurotransmitters (neural), and the sealed receipt of this very engine (cryptographic) are all the same abstraction — Shannon's channel.  — a c", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_word_genome", "title": "genome", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "genome: (noun) the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "WordNet 3.0, Princeton University (WordNet License)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_word_human_genome_project", "title": "human genome project", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "human genome project: (noun) an international study of the entire human genetic material", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "WordNet 3.0, Princeton University (WordNet License)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_7ed61ab390bb", "title": "The genome-as-information instantiates the genetic code", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The information view of the code.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_e11da5ec4142", "title": "The genome as information — and the algebra  ↔ Logarithms — multiplication made addition, a", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Two bits per base, sealed: log(4)/log(2) = 2  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_rfc_6985", "title": "RFC6985 — IMIX Genome: Specification of Variable Packet Sizes for Additional Testing", "shelf": "rfcs", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "RFC6985: IMIX Genome: Specification of Variable Packet Sizes for Additional Testing (July 2013). Status: INFORMATIONAL.", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "The RFC Index (RFC Editor / IETF) — public domain", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_6c269f1c048c", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two c ↔ The genetic clock — mitochondrial Eve and th", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Sealed: every human carries a mitochondrial genome of 16,569 base pairs (~4 KB of maternal inheritance) ... two lineages coalesce to one ancestor in ~2N generations  — a concord the card itself states", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_0706824b5f9f", "title": "Information IS a logarithm", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "2 bits per DNA base = log2(4), sealed in the genome card — Shannon's measure is a log.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "readable": false, "generated": false}], "house": {"door": "FIND", "kind": "cards", "trail": "results", "seal": null, "next_step": {"do": "open the top card", "door": "FIND", "tool": "card_get", "params": {"id": "card_n_49d1ebe5ba6a"}}, "ends": "a verdict or a card · the trail · a seal · one next step"}}