{"query": "The genetic code — a language written in a molecule", "count": 20, "results": [{"id": "card_n_e58898b8fc38", "title": "The genetic code — a language written in a molecule", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Life stores itself as text: a four-letter alphabet (A, C, G, T), three-letter words, and a\nredundant dictionary. Sealed: 4^3 = 64 codons, 64 - 3 stop = 61 sense codons mapping to just 20\namino acids —"}, {"id": "card_n_4150298825ee", "title": "Easton: Hebrew language", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The language of the Hebrew nation, and that in which the Old Testament is written, with the exception of a few portions in Chaldee. In the Old Testament it is only spoken of as “Jewish” (2 Kings 18:26"}, {"id": "card_n_600ccc86ead6", "title": "Easton: Canaan, the language of", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Mentioned in Isa. 19:18, denotes the language spoken by the Jews resident in Palestine. The language of the Canaanites and of the Hebrews was substantially the same. This is seen from the fragments of"}, {"id": "card_n_8032ca300afc", "title": "Easton: Chaldee language", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Employed by the sacred writers in certain portions of the Old Testament, viz., Dan. 2:4-7, 28; Ezra 4:8-6:18; 7:12-26; Gen. 31:46; Jer. 10:11. It is the Aramaic dialect, as it is sometimes called, as "}, {"id": "card_n_3bf9fc4ff957", "title": "Toki Pona — a whole language from 120 words", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Sonja Lang's minimalist tongue (2001): 14 phonemes (9 consonants + 5 vowels), a strict\n(C)V(n) syllable shape (~100 raw slots before its bans on ti/wu/wo/ji), and about 120 core\nwords. From that near-"}, {"id": "card_c_8d44dab76587", "title": "Base pairing instantiates the genetic code", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The physical carrier of the code."}, {"id": "card_n_770170ab1111", "title": "The linguistic clock — the comparative method dates the dispersal", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The same history is written in the words. The comparative method reconstructs ancestral\ntongues from their daughters (sealed in the language-evolution wing), and glottochronology's\nexponential vocabul"}, {"id": "card_c_7ed61ab390bb", "title": "The genome-as-information instantiates the genetic code", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The information view of the code."}, {"id": "card_n_bc8d104f3593", "title": "Language as a tree — the method biology and linguistics share", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Darwin himself drew the parallel: languages branch like species. And the SAME mathematics\ncounts both — for n languages OR n genes, the number of possible rooted binary trees is the\ndouble factorial ("}, {"id": "card_n_0a41c0e3298d", "title": "Pheromones — the molecule is the message", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "A pheromone is chemistry acting as language: a molecule IS a signal. Sealed: a\n20-component blend encodes 2^20 = 1,048,576 distinguishable messages (~4.3 bits per component),\nand an ant's trail evapor"}, {"id": "card_n_30396c2ab5a0", "title": "Morphology — every language has a codon table", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Words are not atoms; they are BUILT from meaning-parts (morphemes) and can be taken apart\nand reassembled — exactly the break-down/rebuild of the genetic code. A finite set of parts\ngenerates unlimite"}, {"id": "card_c_a8ec2b9637de", "title": "Morphology is the genetic code of language", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Break-down and rebuild from meaning-parts — words like genes. RESONANCE, a map-aid."}, {"id": "card_n_7672e1661e23", "title": "Easton: Thessalonians, Epistles to the", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The first epistle to the Thessalonians was the first of all Paul’s epistles. It was in all probability written from Corinth, where he abode a “long time” (Acts 18:11, 18), early in the period of his r"}, {"id": "card_n_bf1b1d4a5b77", "title": "Phonics — the code beneath reading", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "English is a cipher with a catch: 26 letters carry ~44 phonemes (24 consonant + 20 vowel\nsounds, sealed 24+20=44) spelled ~250 ways, ~4.7 bits per letter (log2 26). The whole difficulty\nis the vowels "}, {"id": "card_n_ba272ce3a5e6", "title": "Easton: Jude, Epistle of", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The author was “Judas, the brother of James” the Less (Jude 1:1), called also Lebbaeus (Matt. 10:3) and Thaddaeus (Mark 3:18). The genuineness of this epistle was early questioned, and doubts regardin"}, {"id": "card_n_13147996cd2f", "title": "Proto-Indo-European — the reconstructed mother tongue", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Roughly half of humanity speaks a descendant — English, Spanish, Hindi, Russian, Persian,\nand hundreds more. Yet PIE was never written: it is RECONSTRUCTED, every form marked with a *\nto say 'inferred"}, {"id": "card_n_d8471389950e", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two clocks reading one history", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "A people can be traced across DISTANCE and TIME by two records that survive in the body and\nin the mouth: the genome and the language. They are the same method — a molecular clock ticking,\na tree bran"}, {"id": "card_c_a1506ce9b6f2", "title": "Peoples are traced by the genetic code", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The genome is a migration record — one blood, 99.9% shared."}, {"id": "card_n_cdb16dbfcea7", "title": "Easton: Chaldees", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Or Chaldeans, the inhabitants of the country of which Babylon was the capital. They were so called till the time of the Captivity (2 Kings 25; Isa. 13:19; 23:13), when, particularly in the Book of Dan"}, {"id": "card_c_3649172e2c2f", "title": "A pheromone is chemistry acting as a message", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "A molecule carrying information — chemistry crossing into language."}]}