{"query": "Population genetics — Hardy-Weinberg", "count": 20, "results": [{"id": "card_bio_population_genetics", "title": "Population genetics — Hardy-Weinberg", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "In a non-evolving population the genotype frequencies p^2 + 2pq + q^2 sum to 1 (sealed). Departures measure evolution - selection, drift, migration, mutation. Many genotypes, one total: the capstone's", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Narrow Highway — biology", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_theory_hardy_weinberg_equilibrium", "title": "Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium", "shelf": "theories", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium — an engine domain that can touch it: genetics. Calibration: seals — allele and genotype frequencies compute exactly. In a large, randomly mating population with no selectio", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "The Theory Assay — calibrated, not judged (docs/THEORY_CATALOG.md)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_bridge_master_null_hypothesis_test", "title": "Master equation: reject H0 if p <= alpha", "shelf": "bridges", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "inference against chance: measure a statistic, place it in the distribution it would have if nothing were going on, and reject that null when the tail probability falls below alpha. A chi-squared good", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "The Bridges — cross-domain isomorphisms", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_n_49d1ebe5ba6a", "title": "The genome as information — and the algebra of a population", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Two bits per base, sealed: log(4)/log(2) = 2 — so the ~3.2 billion base pairs of the human\ngenome hold ~6.4 billion bits, about 800 MB, a large app's worth of code in every cell (https://narrowhighway", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_ap_courses_19_1_population_evolution_f19aec9a", "title": "19.1 Population Evolution — Biology for AP® Courses", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "19.1\n\nPopulation Evolution\n\nLearning Objectives\n\nIn this section, you will explore the following questions:\n\nWhat is population genetics and how is population genetics a synthesis of Mendelian inherit", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology for AP® Courses (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_floor_standard_model", "title": "The floor of the Standard Model - where two trees meet", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The Standard Model of particle physics stands on two roots: Maxwell's electromagnetism (the electromagnetic tree) and Fermi's 1933 theory of the weak interaction (the weak tree), both on quantum mecha", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Narrow Highway - the Standard-Model chain (operator seed)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_builder_abdus_salam", "title": "Abdus Salam", "shelf": "builders", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Abdus Salam (1926-1996 AD) - physics. electroweak unification (1968), independently with Weinberg and Glashow (A builder of the Floor of Discovery, credited with love and calibrated to the one plumb-l", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "The builders of the Floor - credited with love, calibrated to the plumb-line", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_floor_biology", "title": "Biology — life is self-replicating chemistry", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The next rung of the emergence ladder: physics -> chemistry -> life. A cell is chemistry organized to copy itself and run on free energy; DNA spells proteins in a triplet code (64 codons), and evoluti", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Narrow Highway — biology", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_builder_steven_weinberg", "title": "Steven Weinberg", "shelf": "builders", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Steven Weinberg (1933-2021 AD) - physics. electroweak unification (1967) - the theory that joins electromagnetism and the weak force, where the two trees connect (A builder of the Floor of Discovery, ", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "The builders of the Floor - credited with love, calibrated to the plumb-line", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_calc_v_verify_hardy_weinberg", "title": "Hardy weinberg", "shelf": "calculations", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Hardy weinberg — biology. Formula: chi^2 vs HWE p^2:2pq:q^2. Canonical FORM: hypothesis_test (reject H0 if p <= alpha) — engine verifier verify_hardy_weinberg — the deterministic check the concordance", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "The Calculation Map — every calculation, mapped by form", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_ap_courses_review_questions_fc8e5283", "title": "Review Questions — Biology for AP® Courses", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Review Questions\n\n1\n.\n\nWhat is the ultimate source of all variation in and among populations?\n\ngenetic mutations that result in viable offspring\n\nnatural selection\n\ndiverse habitats\n\nfactors in the en", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology for AP® Courses (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_19_1_population_evolution_22277798", "title": "19.1 Population Evolution — Biology", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "19.1\n\nPopulation Evolution\n\nLearning ObjectivesBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\n\nDefine population genetics and describe how population genetics is used in the study of the evolution o", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_2e_chapter_summary_e337f55b", "title": "Chapter Summary — Biology 2e", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Chapter Summary\n\n19.1\n\nPopulation Evolution\n\nThe modern synthesis of evolutionary theory grew out of the cohesion of Darwin’s, Wallace’s, and Mendel’s thoughts on evolution and heredity, along with th", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology 2e (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_chapter_summary_7d56bda7", "title": "Chapter Summary — Biology", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Chapter Summary\n\n19.1\n\nPopulation Evolution\n\nThe modern synthesis of evolutionary theory grew out of the cohesion of Darwin’s, Wallace’s, and Mendel’s thoughts on evolution and heredity, along with th", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_ap_courses_chapter_summary_77ab6352", "title": "Chapter Summary — Biology for AP® Courses", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Chapter Summary\n\n19.1\n\nPopulation Evolution\n\nThe modern synthesis of evolutionary theory grew out of the cohesion of Darwin’s, Wallace’s, and Mendel’s thoughts on evolution and heredity, along with th", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology for AP® Courses (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_2e_19_1_population_evolution_38be2b01", "title": "19.1 Population Evolution — Biology 2e", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "19.1\n\nPopulation Evolution\n\nLearning Objectives\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:\n\nDefine population genetics and describe how scientists use population genetics in stu", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology 2e (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_concepts_biology_11_2_mechanisms_of_evolution_864bba81", "title": "11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution — Concepts of Biology", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "11.2\n\nMechanisms of Evolution\n\nLearning ObjectivesBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\n\nDescribe the four basic causes of evolution: natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene fl", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Concepts of Biology (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_2e_critical_thinking_questions_7af2e681", "title": "Critical Thinking Questions — Biology 2e", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Critical Thinking Questions\n\n16.\n\nSolve for the genetic structure of a population with 12 homozygous recessive individuals (yy), 8 homozygous dominant individuals (YY), and 4 heterozygous individuals ", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology 2e (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_openstax_biology_critical_thinking_questions_d08ff8fb", "title": "Critical Thinking Questions — Biology", "shelf": "biology", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Critical Thinking Questions\n\n16.\n\nSolve for the genetic structure of a population with 12 homozygous recessive individuals (yy), 8 homozygous dominant individuals (YY), and 4 heterozygous individuals ", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "OpenStax: Biology (CC-BY 4.0)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_stats_method_of_science", "title": "The method of science — testing claims against data", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Statistics is how every empirical science tests itself: Hardy-Weinberg in biology, measurement error in physics, trials in medicine. The discipline that turns data into a verdict - the same job the en", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Narrow Highway — statistics", "readable": false, "generated": false}], "house": {"door": "FIND", "kind": "cards", "trail": "results", "seal": null, "next_step": {"do": "open the top card", "door": "FIND", "tool": "card_get", "params": {"id": "card_bio_population_genetics"}}, "ends": "a verdict or a card · the trail · a seal · one next step"}}