{"query": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "count": 12, "results": [{"id": "card_n_36048aaa9a1b", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Swadesh (1950s): a language's CORE vocabulary — the 100-200 most basic words (mother,\nwater, two, hand) — is replaced at a roughly constant rate, so its loss is EXPONENTIAL:\nretention r^t with r about", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_122ecae2ff8b", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words ↔ Radioactive decay — the exponential clock of", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The identical decay math as carbon-14, which is why it is called linguistic dating.  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_725caaab0d02", "title": "Vocabulary decays like carbon-14", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Exponential loss with a half-life — glottochronology is the carbon-dating of words.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_26c735e9dff1", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words ↔ Capacitor — the exponential clock (RC time c", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Words decay by RATIO, like atoms, like a capacitor, like everything on the exponential spine.  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_src_word_glottochronology", "title": "glottochronology", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "glottochronology: (noun) the determination of how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "WordNet 3.0, Princeton University (WordNet License)", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_544e9ef10888", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two c ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "shared basic vocabulary decays exponentially to 47% after five millennia — the linguistic half-life beside the genetic one  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_804625bf79f2", "title": "The linguistic clock — the comparative metho ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "glottochronology's exponential vocabulary decay gives a rough clock — 47% of basic words shared after five millennia, sealed, a ~4,595-year half-life sealed earlier.  — a concord the card itself state", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_acce15e9c67a", "title": "The evolution of language — descent traced b ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "glottochronology's constant rate is HEURISTIC — a trend, not a law  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance miner — 2026-07-11", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_1c3706fdd2e8", "title": "The linguistic clock is read from vocabulary", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Glottochronology and the comparative method, dating the branches.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_n_770170ab1111", "title": "The linguistic clock — the comparative method dates the dispersal", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The same history is written in the words. The comparative method reconstructs ancestral\ntongues from their daughters (sealed in the language-evolution wing), and glottochronology's\nexponential vocabul", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_c_252ff1ea6f2a", "title": "Glottochronology instantiates language evolution", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The clock of vocabulary.", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "generated": false}, {"id": "card_n_dcb1a67c26e8", "title": "The evolution of language — descent traced by regular law", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Languages descend like living lineages, and the descent is RECOVERABLE — the comparative\nmethod is one of the humanities' deterministic sciences. English 'father' descends from\nProto-Indo-European *ph", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "generated": false}]}