gen-state-memoization-precisely-and-explain-why-it-matters-in-2-ee76

State memoization precisely and explain why it matters in 2-3 sentences.

# Memoization **Definition**: Memoization is an optimization technique that stores the results of expensive function calls and returns the cached result when the same inputs occur again, rather than recomputing. **Why it matters**: It trades memory for time complexity, transforming exponential-time recursive algorithms (like naive Fibonacci) into linear or polynomial time. This makes previously intractable problems computationally feasible by eliminating redundant calculations—for example, reducing Fibonacci from O(2^n) to O(n).