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Explain urbanization patterns as you would to a capable student, in 3-4 sentences.

Urbanization is the process where populations shift from rural areas to cities, creating larger and denser urban centers. This pattern typically follows economic development—as countries industrialize, people move to cities seeking jobs in manufacturing and services, leading to rapid urban growth. We often see urbanization happen in stages: it accelerates during industrial takeoff, then slows as countries become highly developed and most people already live in cities. Today, the fastest urbanization is occurring in developing regions like Africa and Asia, while developed nations like the U.S. and Japan have already stabilized at around 80-90% urban populations.