gen-define-molarity-and-dilution-and-give-one-short-worked-examp-c492

Define molarity and dilution and give one short worked example.

# Molarity and Dilution ## Molarity **Molarity (M)** is the concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution. **Formula:** M = moles of solute / liters of solution ## Dilution **Dilution** is the process of adding solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration. The amount of solute remains constant. **Formula:** M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ - M₁ = initial molarity - V₁ = initial volume - M₂ = final molarity - V₂ = final volume --- ## Worked Example (Dilution) **Problem:** You have 50 mL of 6.0 M HCl. How much water must be added to dilute it to 2.0 M? **Solution:** - M₁ = 6.0 M - V₁ = 50 mL - M₂ = 2.0 M - V₂ = ? Using M₁V₁ = M₂V₂: (6.0 M)(50 mL) = (2.0 M)(V₂) V₂ = 300/2.0 = **150 mL** (final volume) Water to add = V₂ - V₁ = 150 mL - 50 mL = **100 mL** **Answer:** Add 100 mL of water.