gen-define-magnification-of-an-image-and-give-one-short-worked-e-1f28

Define magnification of an image and give one short worked example.

# Magnification of an Image ## Definition **Magnification** is the ratio of the image size to the object size. It indicates how much larger or smaller an image appears compared to the actual object. **Formula:** $$m = \frac{\text{image height}}{\text{object height}} = \frac{h_i}{h_o}$$ or equivalently (for mirrors and lenses): $$m = \frac{\text{image distance}}{\text{object distance}} = \frac{v}{u}$$ - **m > 1**: Image is magnified (larger than object) - **m < 1**: Image is diminished (smaller than object) - **m = 1**: Image is same size as object - **Negative m**: Image is inverted ## Worked Example **Problem:** An object 4 cm tall is placed 10 cm from a convex lens. The image formed is 12 cm tall. Calculate the magnification. **Solution:** Given: - Object height, h₀ = 4 cm - Image height, hᵢ = 12 cm Using the formula: $$m = \frac{h_i}{h_o} = \frac{12 \text{ cm}}{4 \text{ cm}} = 3$$ **Answer:** The magnification is **3** (or 3×), meaning the image is 3 times larger than the object.