gen-define-ip-addressing-and-subnetting-and-give-one-short-worke-a645

Define IP addressing and subnetting and give one short worked example.

# IP Addressing and Subnetting ## IP Addressing **IP addressing** is a logical numbering system used to identify devices on a network. An IPv4 address consists of 32 bits, written as four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.10). Each address has two parts: - **Network portion**: Identifies the network - **Host portion**: Identifies the specific device on that network ## Subnetting **Subnetting** is the process of dividing a larger network into smaller sub-networks (subnets). This improves network organization, security, and efficient IP address usage by borrowing bits from the host portion to create additional network segments. --- ## Worked Example **Problem**: You have the network **192.168.10.0/24** and need to create 4 subnets. **Solution**: 1. **Determine bits needed**: 2² = 4 subnets, so borrow **2 bits** from the host portion 2. **New subnet mask**: /24 + 2 = **/26** or **255.255.255.192** 3. **Hosts per subnet**: 2⁶ - 2 = **62 usable hosts** (64 total minus network and broadcast addresses) 4. **Subnet ranges**: - Subnet 1: 192.168.10.0/26 (Usable: .1 to .62) - Subnet 2: 192.168.10.64/26 (Usable: .65 to .126) - Subnet 3: 192.168.10.128/26 (Usable: .129 to .190) - Subnet 4: 192.168.10.192/26 (Usable: .193 to .254) Each subnet can support 62 devices with distinct network addresses.