{"id": "card_n_d6bcf930e9b3", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Bat", "body": "The Hebrew word (atalleph’) so rendered (Lev. 11:19; Deut. 14:18) implies “flying in the dark.” The bat is reckoned among the birds in the list of unclean animals. To cast idols to the “moles and to the bats” means to carry them into dark caverns or desolate places to which these animals resort (Isa. 2:20), i.e., to consign them to desolation or ruin.", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/characters.html?search=Bat", "ref": "Bat", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_object_a_d", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "object"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_f9bd9bc02f9e", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_d3ebd35cadbe", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_spine_words", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:08:58.563215+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:51:08.456431+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 0, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "cc7ed28fa8ec1d4a88e9a09a54fd609ca5b4be4986ed3a6fe4b0c942c11fc7a5", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular", "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "easton object a d", "by": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "authority": "external_aligned", "posted": "", "standing": "", "link": {"url": "/characters.html?search=Bat", "host": "", "provider": "", "titled": "Easton: Bat", "waybill_line": "", "reach": "", "embed": ""}}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_n_f9bd9bc02f9e", "title": "Easton: Awl", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_f9bd9bc02f9e", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_n_d3ebd35cadbe", "title": "Easton: Chamois", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_d3ebd35cadbe", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_spine_words", "title": "The Dictionary & Thesaurus", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping", "href": "/card/card_spine_words", "resolved": true}]}