{"id": "card_n_cef4a44af69f", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Reuben", "body": "Behold a son!, the eldest son of Jacob and Leah (Gen. 29:32). His sinful conduct, referred to in Gen. 35:22, brought down upon him his dying father’s malediction (48:4). He showed kindness to Joseph, and was the means of saving his life when his other brothers would have put him to death (37:21, 22). It was he also who pledged his life and the life of his sons when Jacob was unwilling to let Benjamin go down into Egypt. After Jacob and his family went down into Egypt (46:8) no further mention is made of Reuben beyond what is recorded in ch. 49:3, 4.", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/characters.html?search=Reuben", "ref": "Reuben", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_person_q_t", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "person"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_d137384bce6a", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_c36ee094b499", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_spine_words", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:11.749881+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:46.568532+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 0, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "ceb05cfc3d31fc92de134852e3500d58d8d82a0bb7a4974afd8cbeddd9674e66", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular", "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "easton person q t", "by": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "authority": "external_aligned", "posted": "", "standing": "", "link": {"url": "/characters.html?search=Reuben", "host": "", "provider": "", "titled": "Easton: Reuben", "waybill_line": "", "reach": "", "embed": ""}}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_n_d137384bce6a", "title": "Easton: Tiglath-Pileser III.", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_d137384bce6a", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_n_c36ee094b499", "title": "Easton: Shelemiah", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_c36ee094b499", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_spine_words", "title": "The Dictionary & Thesaurus", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping", "href": "/card/card_spine_words", "resolved": true}]}