{"id": "card_n_a6fa815b3090", "kind": "note", "title": "Heidelberg Q40", "body": "Why was it necessary for Christ to humble himself even unto death?\n\nBecause with respect to the justice and truth of God, satisfaction for our sins could be made no otherwise than by the death of the Son of God.", "source": {"label": "Heidelberg Catechism (1563)", "url": "/codex.html#hc-q40", "ref": "Q40 · Lord's Day 16", "authority_tier": "catechism"}, "shelf": "codex", "box": "catechism_heidelberg", "bands": ["heidelberg", "german_reformed", "lords_day_16", "Gen 2:17", "Heb 2:9, 14-15", "Rom 8:3-4"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_3537b1964287", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_eb1b8b30f89d"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_8dcfe3d99ed5", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_f70915d12c5f"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_5c3f598f3de3", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_9753629ab698"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_5d2061b70fa6", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_a258ee2f5bb2"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 8, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "updated_at": "2026-05-19T13:00:18.078313+00:00", "source_hash": "fb839e1dd89f80de2a50ca960a59d9b880183a32f65988e3a12563215807b2a8", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original German 1563 — Ursinus & Olevianus, Elector Frederick III", "ref": "HC-DE-1563"}, {"class": "translation", "label": "Original Latin 1563 — published alongside German", "ref": "HC-LA-1563"}, {"class": "critical_edition", "label": "Heidelberg Catechism — critical edition with proof texts", "ref": "HC-critical"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Heidelberg Catechism", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/creeds/heidelberg-cat.html", "ref": "CCEL-HC"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CRCNA / RCA — Heidelberg Catechism with Q&A numbering", "url": "https://www.crcna.org/welcome/beliefs/confessions/heidelberg-catechism", "ref": "CRCNA-HC"}, {"class": "proof_text", "label": "Scripture proof texts in the original 1563 edition", "ref": "HC-proofs"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "6 witnesses across 5 independence classes: ['critical_edition', 'manuscript_tradition', 'proof_text', 'republication', 'translation']", "surface": "witness"}