{"id": "card_n_91113c8562eb", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Ghost", "body": "An old Saxon word equivalent to soul or spirit. It is the translation of the Hebrew nephesh_ and the Greek _pneuma, both meaning “breath,” “life,” “spirit,” the “living principle” (Job 11:20; Jer. 15:9; Matt. 27:50; John 19:30). The expression “to give up the ghost” means to die (Lam. 1:19; Gen. 25:17; 35:29; 49:33; Job 3:11). (See HOLY GHOST.)", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/characters.html?search=Ghost", "ref": "Ghost", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_concept_e_h", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "concept"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_b3d286d98c09", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_d620326c0b9b"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_59aff31da66d", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_5d94c6f52533"}, {"to_card_id": "card_spine_words", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:10.399786+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:28.202655+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 4, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "2739c6667523f107e837b6dfafba50b9776846cbe9924f72086adec0439b8cc5", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular", "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "easton concept e h", "by": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "authority": "external_aligned", "posted": "", "standing": "", "link": {"url": "/characters.html?search=Ghost", "host": "", "provider": "", "titled": "Easton: Ghost", "waybill_line": "", "reach": "", "embed": ""}}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_n_b3d286d98c09", "title": "Matthew", "relationship": "cites", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_b3d286d98c09", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_n_59aff31da66d", "title": "John", "relationship": "cites", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_59aff31da66d", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_spine_words", "title": "The Dictionary & Thesaurus", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping", "href": "/card/card_spine_words", "resolved": true}]}