{"id": "card_n_819c34a11ae1", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Thaddaeus", "body": "Breast, the name of one of the apostles (Mark 3:18), called “Lebbaeus” in Matt. 10:3, and in Luke 6:16, “Judas the brother of James;” while John (14:22), probably referring to the same person, speaks of “Judas, not Iscariot.” These different names all designate the same person, viz., Jude or Judas, the author of the epistle.", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/encyclopedia.html?ref=Thaddaeus", "ref": "Thaddaeus", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_concept_q_t", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "concept"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_ee545b228696", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_6513d388acd8"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_b3d286d98c09", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_2790d30c23d3"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_94b8d7f43e37", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_56b3528177ac"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:12.216713+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:27.965534+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 6, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "6ed52551817e17ea427133b0a06e4b1443218dd2c6e6f5f82bf0bf60a50908d2", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular"}