{"id": "card_n_76cafa1c107b", "kind": "note", "title": "1689 LBCF ch. 23: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows", "body": "A lawful oath is a part of religious worship wherein, upon just occasion, the person swearing solemnly calls God to witness what he asserts or promises.", "source": {"label": "1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith", "url": "/codex.html#lbcf-ch23", "ref": "Chapter 23", "authority_tier": "creed"}, "shelf": "codex", "box": "confession_1689", "bands": ["1689_baptist", "reformed_baptist", "chapter_23", "Deut 10:20", "Ex 20:7", "Lev 19:12"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_b3d286d98c09", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_190d22eba3f4"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_649a778d8d86", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_ce91d8ed25d2"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_c181882b21b8", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_391bb438e3f0"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_59dbb33eb2f6", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_9744b00446db"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 8, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "updated_at": "2026-05-19T13:00:17.961543+00:00", "source_hash": "5a9f27b5184ef561fcf3a506ecf3415dab1064d8045bd829549f0cbad9c9a1e2", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Rufinus of Aquileia, Commentary on the Apostles' Creed (c. AD 404)", "ref": "Rufinus-Comm"}, {"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Pirminius, De singulis libris canonicis scarapsus (c. AD 750) — earliest received form", "ref": "Pirminius-750"}, {"class": "translation", "label": "Latin (Symbolum Apostolicum) — Western Church", "ref": "Apostles-LA"}, {"class": "citation_tradition", "label": "Cited by every major catechism since 8th century", "ref": "universal-citation"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Creeds of Christendom (Schaff)", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.html", "ref": "CCEL-Schaff"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 4 independence classes: ['citation_tradition', 'manuscript_tradition', 'republication', 'translation']", "surface": "witness"}