{"id": "card_n_5e63308579ff", "kind": "note", "title": "Heidelberg Q16", "body": "Why must he be a true and righteous man?\n\nBecause the justice of God requires that the same human nature which has sinned should make satisfaction for sin; and a man who is himself a sinner cannot satisfy for others.", "source": {"label": "Heidelberg Catechism (1563)", "url": "/codex.html#hc-q16", "ref": "Q16 · Lord's Day 6", "authority_tier": "catechism"}, "shelf": "codex", "box": "catechism_heidelberg", "bands": ["heidelberg", "german_reformed", "lords_day_6", "Rom 5:12, 15", "1 Pet 3:18", "Isa 53:3-5"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_18fc37eacf53", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_3690b89f5418"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_8dcfe3d99ed5", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_d8276531dd9e"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_de6be72e6b25", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_919e9e8ff101"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_5d2061b70fa6", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_cfefaf70ff54"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 8, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "updated_at": "2026-05-19T13:00:17.997828+00:00", "source_hash": "5c3ecdd20ea54ed6683bce257d1f384483bccaef8df0b009aed4d017b2f77eb7", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original German 1563 — Ursinus & Olevianus, Elector Frederick III", "ref": "HC-DE-1563"}, {"class": "translation", "label": "Original Latin 1563 — published alongside German", "ref": "HC-LA-1563"}, {"class": "critical_edition", "label": "Heidelberg Catechism — critical edition with proof texts", "ref": "HC-critical"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Heidelberg Catechism", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/creeds/heidelberg-cat.html", "ref": "CCEL-HC"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CRCNA / RCA — Heidelberg Catechism with Q&A numbering", "url": "https://www.crcna.org/welcome/beliefs/confessions/heidelberg-catechism", "ref": "CRCNA-HC"}, {"class": "proof_text", "label": "Scripture proof texts in the original 1563 edition", "ref": "HC-proofs"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "6 witnesses across 5 independence classes: ['critical_edition', 'manuscript_tradition', 'proof_text', 'republication', 'translation']", "surface": "witness"}