{"id": "card_n_5c2c55ddb032", "kind": "note", "title": "Westminster Shorter Q88", "body": "What are the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption?\n\nThe outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption, are his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.", "source": {"label": "Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647)", "url": "/codex.html#wsc-q88", "ref": "Q88", "authority_tier": "catechism"}, "shelf": "codex", "box": "catechism", "bands": ["westminster_shorter", "1647", "Matt 28:19-20", "Acts 2:42, 46-47"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_b3d286d98c09", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_cbca9a117d45"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_b051cea86e39", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_5c4444d7a983"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 4, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "updated_at": "2026-05-19T13:00:18.032267+00:00", "source_hash": "caf1f8e276e61b88e70d8879ada5b9ff7558ffc26251eb0243b95585788ae802", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Westminster Assembly minutes (Mitchell & Struthers, 1874)", "ref": "WAM-1874"}, {"class": "critical_edition", "label": "Free Presbyterian Publications — Westminster Standards", "ref": "FPP-WCF"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Christian Classics Ethereal Library", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/creeds/westminster-shorter-cat.html", "ref": "CCEL-WSC"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "OPC — Westminster Shorter Catechism", "url": "https://www.opc.org/sc.html", "ref": "OPC-WSC"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "PCA — Westminster Shorter Catechism with proof texts", "url": "https://www.pcaac.org/bco/westminster-confession/", "ref": "PCA-WSC"}, {"class": "proof_text", "label": "Scripture proof texts assembled by Westminster Assembly", "ref": "WSC-proofs"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "6 witnesses across 4 independence classes: ['critical_edition', 'manuscript_tradition', 'proof_text', 'republication']", "surface": "witness"}