{"id": "card_n_490b3c1723c1", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Jude", "body": "= Judas. Among the apostles there were two who bore this name, (1) Judas (Jude 1:1; Matt. 13:55; John 14:22; Acts 1:13), called also Lebbaeus or Thaddaeus (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18); and (2) Judas Iscariot (Matt. 10:4; Mark 3:19). He who is called “the brother of James” (Luke 6:16), may be the same with the Judas surnamed Lebbaeus. The only thing recorded regarding him is in John 14:22.", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/encyclopedia.html?ref=Jude", "ref": "Jude", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_concept_i_l", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "concept"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_94b8d7f43e37", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_b43110e250ab"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_ee545b228696", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_d1f7b2f4338e"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_b3d286d98c09", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_bde737e351cd"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_59aff31da66d", "relationship": "cites", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_01708de36827"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:10.891131+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:27.256100+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 8, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "9855ab00887abb995f1505d13d12a9aa1c6fb697a9cf8eedeebd91b1af7bc4e3", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular"}