{"id": "card_n_25aba2055c8d", "kind": "note", "title": "Westminster Shorter Q16", "body": "Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?\n\nThe covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.", "source": {"label": "Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647)", "url": "/codex.html#wsc-q16", "ref": "Q16", "authority_tier": "catechism"}, "shelf": "codex", "box": "catechism", "bands": ["westminster_shorter", "1647", "Gen 2:16-17", "Rom 5:12", "1 Cor 15:21-22"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_8dcfe3d99ed5", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_bb602d1ae444"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_41ea132b102b", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_277bd1bfede8"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_3537b1964287", "relationship": "proof_text", "via_connection_card_id": "card_c_84122ce76e19"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 6, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "updated_at": "2026-05-19T13:00:17.980942+00:00", "source_hash": "9783b5144ec06408ceecb9430bc3dafbb121d6234ece0624e1dbe8298ee588c3", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Westminster Assembly minutes (Mitchell & Struthers, 1874)", "ref": "WAM-1874"}, {"class": "critical_edition", "label": "Free Presbyterian Publications — Westminster Standards", "ref": "FPP-WCF"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Christian Classics Ethereal Library", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/creeds/westminster-shorter-cat.html", "ref": "CCEL-WSC"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "OPC — Westminster Shorter Catechism", "url": "https://www.opc.org/sc.html", "ref": "OPC-WSC"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "PCA — Westminster Shorter Catechism with proof texts", "url": "https://www.pcaac.org/bco/westminster-confession/", "ref": "PCA-WSC"}, {"class": "proof_text", "label": "Scripture proof texts assembled by Westminster Assembly", "ref": "WSC-proofs"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "6 witnesses across 4 independence classes: ['critical_edition', 'manuscript_tradition', 'proof_text', 'republication']", "surface": "witness"}