{"id": "card_floor_statistics", "kind": "note", "title": "Statistics — the normal law and the method of science", "body": "How we draw one conclusion from many noisy measurements. Describe (mean, standard deviation); the central limit theorem makes sums tend to the normal law (the standard error shrinks as 1/sqrt(n)); infer (z-scores, hypothesis tests). Four pillars rest on the instruments (the probability machinery), the capstone (the CLT is many-into-one; a distribution sums to one), and biology (the method of empirical science). The stick (stick_statistics_the_normal_law_and_the_method_of_science) seals a standard deviation, a z-score and the standard error (tools/seed_statistics.py).", "source": {"label": "Narrow Highway — statistics", "url": "", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "ref": "stick_statistics_the_normal_law_and_the_method_of_science"}, "shelf": "codex", "box": "statistics", "bands": ["floor", "statistics", "normal law", "inference", "central limit theorem", "one map"], "subject": "Statistics — the normal law and the method of science", "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_stats_describe", "relationship": "has_part", "evidence": "a pillar of statistics (Describe)"}, {"to_card_id": "card_stats_normal_law", "relationship": "has_part", "evidence": "a pillar of statistics (The normal law)"}, {"to_card_id": "card_stats_infer", "relationship": "has_part", "evidence": "a pillar of statistics (Infer)"}, {"to_card_id": "card_stats_method_of_science", "relationship": "has_part", "evidence": "a pillar of statistics (The method of science)"}, {"to_card_id": "card_k_floor_of_discovery", "relationship": "part_of", "evidence": "the method of empirical science on the one map"}, {"to_card_id": "card_econ_markets_prices", "relationship": "connects_at", "evidence": "elasticity and price data - measured, the statistics of markets"}, {"to_card_id": "card_econ_aggregates", "relationship": "connects_at", "evidence": "GDP, inflation and growth - national accounts are statistics"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": 0.0, "updated_at": 0.0, "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "surface": "secular", "generated": false, "call": "codex.statistics", "facets": {"subject": ["central limit theorem", "floor", "inference", "normal law", "one map"]}, "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "statistics", "by": "Narrow Highway — statistics", "authority": "engine_derived", "posted": "", "standing": ""}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_stats_describe", "title": "Describe — mean, variance, standard deviation", "relationship": "has part", "why": "a pillar of statistics (Describe)", "href": "/card/card_stats_describe", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_stats_normal_law", "title": "The normal law — the central limit theorem", "relationship": "has part", "why": "a pillar of statistics (The normal law)", "href": "/card/card_stats_normal_law", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_stats_infer", "title": "Infer — z-scores and hypothesis tests", "relationship": "has part", "why": "a pillar of statistics (Infer)", "href": "/card/card_stats_infer", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_stats_method_of_science", "title": "The method of science — testing claims against data", "relationship": "has part", "why": "a pillar of statistics (The method of science)", "href": "/card/card_stats_method_of_science", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_k_floor_of_discovery", "title": "The Floor of Discovery — one floor, and by its design the fear of God", "relationship": "part of", "why": "the method of empirical science on the one map", "href": "/card/card_k_floor_of_discovery", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_econ_markets_prices", "title": "Markets and prices — supply, demand, elasticity", "relationship": "connects at", "why": "elasticity and price data - measured, the statistics of markets", "href": "/card/card_econ_markets_prices", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_econ_aggregates", "title": "Aggregates — GDP, inflation, growth", "relationship": "connects at", "why": "GDP, inflation and growth - national accounts are statistics", "href": "/card/card_econ_aggregates", "resolved": true}], "house": {"door": "FIND", "kind": "card", "trail": "connections", "seal": "/card/card_floor_statistics", "next_step": {"do": "follow a connection: what this card rests on, and what rests on it", "door": "FIND", "tool": "card_connections", "params": {"id": "card_floor_statistics"}}, "ends": "a verdict or a card · the trail · a seal · one next step"}}