{"id": "card_cognate_hundred", "kind": "reference", "title": "hundred — a cognate across the family (PIE *kmtom)", "body": "The word for 'hundred', one etymon descending down several branches and meeting at the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *kmtom. Reflexes (attested): italic: centum; hellenic: hekaton; indo-iranian: satam; germanic: hundred. The Germanic form follows Grimm's law k -> h: centum -> hundred; the centum/satem split names the family's two halves. The reflexes are attested; *kmtom is a reconstruction (a postulate, not sealed). This cognate is where the branches that carry it connect.", "source": {"label": "the comparative method; cognate sets of Indo-European", "url": "", "ref": "stick_grimm_s_law_a_regular_sound_correspondence_verified", "domain": "linguistics", "authority_tier": "reference"}, "shelf": "codex", "box": "cognate", "bands": ["indo-european", "cognate", "hundred", "etymology", "linguistics"], "subject": "hundred", "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_ie_branch_italic", "relationship": "builds_on", "evidence": "hundred: the italic reflex centum"}, {"to_card_id": "card_ie_branch_hellenic", "relationship": "builds_on", "evidence": "hundred: the hellenic reflex hekaton"}, {"to_card_id": "card_ie_branch_indo_iranian", "relationship": "builds_on", "evidence": "hundred: the indo-iranian reflex satam"}, {"to_card_id": "card_ie_branch_germanic", "relationship": "builds_on", "evidence": "hundred: the germanic reflex hundred"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": 0.0, "updated_at": 0.0, "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "surface": "secular", "generated": false, "call": "codex.cognate", "facets": {"subject": ["etymology", "hundred", "indo-european", "linguistics"]}, "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "cognate", "by": "the comparative method; cognate sets of Indo-European", "authority": "reference", "posted": "", "standing": ""}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_ie_branch_italic", "title": "Italic — a branch of Indo-European", "relationship": "builds on", "why": "hundred: the italic reflex centum", "href": "/card/card_ie_branch_italic", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_ie_branch_hellenic", "title": "Hellenic — a branch of Indo-European", "relationship": "builds on", "why": "hundred: the hellenic reflex hekaton", "href": "/card/card_ie_branch_hellenic", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_ie_branch_indo_iranian", "title": "Indo-Iranian — a branch of Indo-European", "relationship": "builds on", "why": "hundred: the indo-iranian reflex satam", "href": "/card/card_ie_branch_indo_iranian", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_ie_branch_germanic", "title": "Germanic — a branch of Indo-European", "relationship": "builds on", "why": "hundred: the germanic reflex hundred", "href": "/card/card_ie_branch_germanic", "resolved": true}], "house": {"door": "FIND", "kind": "card", "trail": "connections", "seal": "/card/card_cognate_hundred", "next_step": {"do": "follow a connection: what this card rests on, and what rests on it", "door": "FIND", "tool": "card_connections", "params": {"id": "card_cognate_hundred"}}, "ends": "a verdict or a card · the trail · a seal · one next step"}}